/* Replication file for "Domestic Institutions and Wartime Casualties" by Horowitz, Simpson, and Stam */ /* Note: This data is continually being updated as part of ongoing research by the authors. If you have questions, please contact horom (at) sas.upenn.edu */ cd "C:\Users\horom\Documents\Casualties\" log using hss_isq_replication.log, replace #delimit; /* Load Dataset */ use HSS_ISQ_Replication, clear; /* Table 1 */ tabstat finalcas, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat finalconscr, stats(n min max p50 mea n sd); tabstat polity, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat init, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat terr, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat strat, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat prwararm, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat milex, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); tabstat duration, stats(n min max p50 mean sd); /* Table 2 */ /* Democratic Volunteer Initiators */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==0 & polity>=17 & polity<=20 & init==1, stats(count min mean); /* Democratic Conscript Initiators */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==1 & polity>=17 & polity<=20 & init==1, stats(count min mean); /* Autocratic Volunteer Initiators */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==0 & polity<=3 & polity>=0 & init==1, stats(count min mean); /* Autocratic Conscript Initiators */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==1 & polity<=3 & polity>=0 & init==1, stats(count min mean); /* Democratic Volunteer Targets */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==0 & polity>=17 & polity<=20 & init==0, stats(count min mean); /* Democratic Conscript Targets */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==1 & polity>=17 & polity<=20 & init==0, stats(count min mean); /* Autocratic Volunteer Targets */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==0 & polity<=3 & polity>=0 & init==0, stats(count min mean); /* Autocratic Conscript Targets */ tabstat finalcas if finalconscr==1 & polity<=3 & polity>=0 & init==0, stats(count min mean); /* Table 3 Model 1*/ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Table 3 Model 2*/ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Table 3 Model 3 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init existential democexist democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Table 3 Model 4 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init existential worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year y2 gdppercapita g2) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Table 3 Model 5 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars existential, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year y2 gdppercapita g2) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Table 3 Model 6 */ cmp setup; cmp (caslog = finalconscr polity init strat terr duration worldwars) (finalconscr = polity init strat terr duration milex prwararm spendtroop tpop upop worldwars), ind($cmp_cont $cmp_probit) cluster(hsswarnumber); /* Table 3, Model 7*/ ivprobit finalcas2 polity init strat terr duration worldwars (finalconscr = milex prwararm spendtroop tpop upop), cluster(hsswarnumber); /* Table 4, Full Dataset */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; predict yhat; gen residual = yhat-finalcas; gen resratio = residual/finalcas; /* init =0, conscr =0, polity= 3 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=0; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VAT; /* init =0, conscrip =1, polity= 3 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; predict y_CAT; /* init =0, concscrip =0, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=0; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VDT; /* init =0, conscript =1, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; predict y_CDT; /* init =1, conscrip =0, polity =3 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=1; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VAI; /* init *=1, conscript =1, polity =3 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=1; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=1; recode conscriptdemocinit *=3; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; predict y_CAI; /* init =1, conscrip =0, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=1; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=17; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VDI; /* conscr =1, init =1, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=1; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=17; recode conscriptinit *=1; recode conscriptdemocinit *=17; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; predict y_CDI; tabstat y_VAT y_CAT y_VDT y_CDT y_VAI y_CAI y_VDI y_CDI, stats(mean q sd); /* Box plot with outliers in Appendix 2 */ graph box y_CDI y_VDI y_CAI y_VAI y_CDT y_VDT y_CAT y_VAT, legend(off); clear; /* Table 4, Excluding Outliers - world wars variable also excluded since dropping outliers */ use HSS_ISQ_Replication, clear; drop if finalcas>=1000000; gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; predict yhat; gen residual = yhat-finalcas; gen resratio = residual/finalcas; /* init =0, conscr =0, polity= 3 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=0; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VAT; /* init =0, conscrip =1, polity= 3 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; predict y_CAT; /* init =0, concscrip =0, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=0; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VDT; /* init =0, conscript =1, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; predict y_CDT; /* init =1, conscrip =0, polity =3 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=1; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VAI; /* init *=1, conscript =1, polity =3 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=1; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=1; recode conscriptdemocinit *=3; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; predict y_CAI; /* init =1, conscrip =0, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=1; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=17; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_VDI; /* conscr =1, init =1, polity =17 */; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=1; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=17; recode conscriptinit *=1; recode conscriptdemocinit *=17; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; predict y_CDI; tabstat y_VAT y_CAT y_VDT y_CDT y_VAI y_CAI y_VDI y_CDI, stats(mean q sd); /* Box plot without outliers in Appendix 2 */ graph box y_CDI y_VDI y_CAI y_VAI y_CDT y_VDT y_CAT y_VAT, legend(off); clear; /* Figure 1 created in excel using the finalcas variable - please contact authors for information at horom (at) sas.upenn.edu */ /* Data for Figures 2-3 */ use HSS_ISQ_Replication, clear; drop if finalcas>=1000000; /* Table 3 Model 4 - modified */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Generating the Figures */ predict yhat; gen residual = yhat-finalcas; gen resratio = residual/finalcas; /*Volunteer Targets*/ /*init=0, conscr=0*/ recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=0; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; recode polity *=0; predict y_VT0; recode polity *=1; predict y_VT1; recode polity *=2; predict y_VT2; recode polity *=3; predict y_VT3; recode polity *=4; predict y_VT4; recode polity *=5; predict y_VT5; recode polity *=6; predict y_VT6; recode polity *=7; predict y_VT7; recode polity *=8; predict y_VT8; recode polity *=9; predict y_VT9; recode polity *=10; predict y_VT10; recode polity *=11; predict y_VT11; recode polity *=12; predict y_VT12; recode polity *=13; predict y_VT13; recode polity *=14; predict y_VT14; recode polity *=15; predict y_VT15; recode polity *=16; predict y_VT16; recode polity *=17; predict y_VT17; recode polity *=18; predict y_VT18; recode polity *=19; predict y_VT19; recode polity *=20; predict y_VT20; /*Conscript Targets*/ /*init=0, conscrip=1*/ recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; recode polity *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; predict y_CT0; recode polity *=1; recode conscriptdemoc *=1; predict y_CT1; recode polity *=2; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; predict y_CT2; recode polity *=3; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; predict y_CT3; recode polity *=4; recode conscriptdemoc *=4; predict y_CT4; recode polity *=5; recode conscriptdemoc *=5; predict y_CT5; recode polity *=6; recode conscriptdemoc *=6; predict y_CT6; recode polity *=7; recode conscriptdemoc *=7; predict y_CT7; recode polity *=8; recode conscriptdemoc *=8; predict y_CT8; recode polity *=9; recode conscriptdemoc *=9; predict y_CT9; recode polity *=10; recode conscriptdemoc *=10; predict y_CT10; recode polity *=11; recode conscriptdemoc *=11; predict y_CT11; recode polity *=12; recode conscriptdemoc *=12; predict y_CT12; recode polity *=13; recode conscriptdemoc *=13; predict y_CT13; recode polity *=14; recode conscriptdemoc *=14; predict y_CT14; recode polity *=15; recode conscriptdemoc *=15; predict y_CT15; recode polity *=16; recode conscriptdemoc *=16; predict y_CT16; recode polity *=17; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; predict y_CT17; recode polity *=18; recode conscriptdemoc *=18; predict y_CT18; recode polity *=19; recode conscriptdemoc *=19; predict y_CT19; recode polity *=20; recode conscriptdemoc *=20; predict y_CT20; /*Volunteer Initiators*/ /*init=1, conscrip=0*/ recode finalconscr *=0; recode init *=1; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; recode polity *=0; recode democinit *=0; predict y_VI0; recode polity *=1; recode democinit *=1; predict y_VI1; recode polity *=2; recode democinit *=2; predict y_VI2; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=3; predict y_VI3; recode polity *=4; recode democinit *=4; predict y_VI4; recode polity *=5; recode democinit *=5; predict y_VI5; recode polity *=6; recode democinit *=6; predict y_VI6; recode polity *=7; recode democinit *=7; predict y_VI7; recode polity *=8; recode democinit *=8; predict y_VI8; recode polity *=9; recode democinit *=9; predict y_VI9; recode polity *=10; recode democinit *=10; predict y_VI10; recode polity *=11; recode democinit *=11; predict y_VI11; recode polity *=12; recode democinit *=12; predict y_VI12; recode polity *=13; recode democinit *=13; predict y_VI13; recode polity *=14; recode democinit *=14; predict y_VI14; recode polity *=15; recode democinit *=15; predict y_VI15; recode polity *=16; recode democinit *=16; predict y_VI16; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=17; predict y_VI17; recode polity *=18; recode democinit *=18; predict y_VI18; recode polity *=19; recode democinit *=19; predict y_VI19; recode polity *=20; recode democinit *=20; predict y_VI20; /*Concript Initiators*/ /*init=1, conscript=1*/ recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=1; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=1; recode polity *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; predict y_CI0; recode polity *=1; recode democinit *=1; recode conscriptdemoc *=1; recode conscriptdemocinit *=1; predict y_CI1; recode polity *=2; recode democinit *=2; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; recode conscriptdemocinit *=2; predict y_CI2; recode polity *=3; recode democinit *=3; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; recode conscriptdemocinit *=3; predict y_CI3; recode polity *=4; recode democinit *=4; recode conscriptdemoc *=4; recode conscriptdemocinit *=4; predict y_CI4; recode polity *=5; recode democinit *=5; recode conscriptdemoc *=5; recode conscriptdemocinit *=5; predict y_CI5; recode polity *=6; recode democinit *=6; recode conscriptdemoc *=6; recode conscriptdemocinit *=6; predict y_CI6; recode polity *=7; recode democinit *=7; recode conscriptdemoc *=7; recode conscriptdemocinit *=7; predict y_CI7; recode polity *=8; recode democinit *=8; recode conscriptdemoc *=8; recode conscriptdemocinit *=8; predict y_CI8; recode polity *=9; recode democinit *=9; recode conscriptdemoc *=9; recode conscriptdemocinit *=9; predict y_CI9; recode polity *=10; recode democinit *=10; recode conscriptdemoc *=10; recode conscriptdemocinit *=10; predict y_CI10; recode polity *=11; recode democinit *=11; recode conscriptdemoc *=11; recode conscriptdemocinit *=11; predict y_CI11; recode polity *=12; recode democinit *=12; recode conscriptdemoc *=12; recode conscriptdemocinit *=12; predict y_CI12; recode polity *=13; recode democinit *=13; recode conscriptdemoc *=13; recode conscriptdemocinit *=13; predict y_CI13; recode polity *=14; recode democinit *=14; recode conscriptdemoc *=14; recode conscriptdemocinit *=14; predict y_CI14; recode polity *=15; recode democinit *=15; recode conscriptdemoc *=15; recode conscriptdemocinit *=15; predict y_CI15; recode polity *=16; recode democinit *=16; recode conscriptdemoc *=16; recode conscriptdemocinit *=16; predict y_CI16; recode polity *=17; recode democinit *=17; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; recode conscriptdemocinit *=17; predict y_CI17; recode polity *=18; recode democinit *=18; recode conscriptdemoc *=18; recode conscriptdemocinit *=18; predict y_CI18; recode polity *=19; recode democinit *=19; recode conscriptdemoc *=19; recode conscriptdemocinit *=19; predict y_CI19; recode polity *=20; recode democinit *=20; recode conscriptdemoc *=20; recode conscriptdemocinit *=20; predict y_CI20; tabstat y_VT0 y_VT1 y_VT2 y_VT3 y_VT4 y_VT5 y_VT6 y_VT7 y_VT8 y_VT9 y_VT10 y_VT11 y_VT12 y_VT13 y_VT14 y_VT15 y_VT16 y_VT17 y_VT18 y_VT19 y_VT20, stats(mean); tabstat y_CT0 y_CT1 y_CT2 y_CT3 y_CT4 y_CT5 y_CT6 y_CT7 y_CT8 y_CT9 y_CT10 y_CT11 y_CT12 y_CT13 y_CT14 y_CT15 y_CT16 y_CT17 y_CT18 y_CT19 y_CT20, stats(mean); tabstat y_VI0 y_VI1 y_VI2 y_VI3 y_VI4 y_VI5 y_VI6 y_VI7 y_VI8 y_VI9 y_VI10 y_VI11 y_VI12 y_VI13 y_VI14 y_VI15 y_VI16 y_VI17 y_VI18 y_VI19 y_VI20, stats(mean); tabstat y_CI0 y_CI1 y_CI2 y_CI3 y_CI4 y_CI5 y_CI6 y_CI7 y_CI8 y_CI9 y_CI10 y_CI11 y_CI12 y_CI13 y_CI14 y_CI15 y_CI16 y_CI17 y_CI18 y_CI19 y_CI20, stats(mean); clear; /* Figure 4 */ clear; use HSS_ISQ_Replication, clear; /* Load Dataset */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init existential democexist democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; predict yhat; gen residual = yhat-finalcas; gen resratio = residual/finalcas; /*Conscript Non-Existential Targets*/ /*init=0, conscrip=1*/ recode existential *=0; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; recode polity *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; recode democexist *=0; predict y_CT0; recode polity *=1; recode conscriptdemoc *=1; predict y_CT1; recode polity *=2; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; predict y_CT2; recode polity *=3; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; predict y_CT3; recode polity *=4; recode conscriptdemoc *=4; predict y_CT4; recode polity *=5; recode conscriptdemoc *=5; predict y_CT5; recode polity *=6; recode conscriptdemoc *=6; predict y_CT6; recode polity *=7; recode conscriptdemoc *=7; predict y_CT7; recode polity *=8; recode conscriptdemoc *=8; predict y_CT8; recode polity *=9; recode conscriptdemoc *=9; predict y_CT9; recode polity *=10; recode conscriptdemoc *=10; predict y_CT10; recode polity *=11; recode conscriptdemoc *=11; predict y_CT11; recode polity *=12; recode conscriptdemoc *=12; predict y_CT12; recode polity *=13; recode conscriptdemoc *=13; predict y_CT13; recode polity *=14; recode conscriptdemoc *=14; predict y_CT14; recode polity *=15; recode conscriptdemoc *=15; predict y_CT15; recode polity *=16; recode conscriptdemoc *=16; predict y_CT16; recode polity *=17; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; predict y_CT17; recode polity *=18; recode conscriptdemoc *=18; predict y_CT18; recode polity *=19; recode conscriptdemoc *=19; predict y_CT19; recode polity *=20; recode conscriptdemoc *=20; predict y_CT20; /*Conscript Existential Targets*/ /*init=0, conscrip=1*/ recode existential *=1; recode finalconscr *=1; recode init *=0; recode democinit *=0; recode conscriptinit *=0; recode conscriptdemocinit *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; recode polity *=0; recode conscriptdemoc *=0; recode democexist *=0; predict y_CexT0; recode polity *=1; recode conscriptdemoc *=1; recode democexist *=1; predict y_CexT1; recode polity *=2; recode conscriptdemoc *=2; recode democexist *=2; predict y_CexT2; recode polity *=3; recode conscriptdemoc *=3; recode democexist *=3; predict y_CexT3; recode polity *=4; recode conscriptdemoc *=4; recode democexist *=4; predict y_CexT4; recode polity *=5; recode conscriptdemoc *=5; recode democexist *=5; predict y_CexT5; recode polity *=6; recode conscriptdemoc *=6; recode democexist *=6; predict y_CexT6; recode polity *=7; recode conscriptdemoc *=7; recode democexist *=7; predict y_CexT7; recode polity *=8; recode conscriptdemoc *=8; recode democexist *=8; predict y_CexT8; recode polity *=9; recode conscriptdemoc *=9; recode democexist *=9; predict y_CexT9; recode polity *=10; recode conscriptdemoc *=10; recode democexist *=10; predict y_CexT10; recode polity *=11; recode conscriptdemoc *=11; recode democexist *=11; predict y_CexT11; recode polity *=12; recode conscriptdemoc *=12; recode democexist *=12; predict y_CexT12; recode polity *=13; recode conscriptdemoc *=13; recode democexist *=13; predict y_CexT13; recode polity *=14; recode conscriptdemoc *=14; recode democexist *=14; predict y_CexT14; recode polity *=15; recode conscriptdemoc *=15; recode democexist *=15; predict y_CexT15; recode polity *=16; recode conscriptdemoc *=16; recode democexist *=16; predict y_CexT16; recode polity *=17; recode conscriptdemoc *=17; recode democexist *=17; predict y_CexT17; recode polity *=18; recode conscriptdemoc *=18; recode democexist *=18; predict y_CexT18; recode polity *=19; recode conscriptdemoc *=19; recode democexist *=19; predict y_CexT19; recode polity *=20; recode conscriptdemoc *=20; recode democexist *=20; predict y_CexT20; tabstat y_CT0 y_CT1 y_CT2 y_CT3 y_CT4 y_CT5 y_CT6 y_CT7 y_CT8 y_CT9 y_CT10 y_CT11 y_CT12 y_CT13 y_CT14 y_CT15 y_CT16 y_CT17 y_CT18 y_CT19 y_CT20, stats(mean); tabstat y_CexT0 y_CexT1 y_CexT2 y_CexT3 y_CexT4 y_CexT5 y_CexT6 y_CexT7 y_CexT8 y_CexT9 y_CexT10 y_CexT11 y_CexT12 y_CexT13 y_CexT14 y_CexT15 y_CexT16 y_CexT17 y_CexT18 y_CexT19 y_CexT20, stats(mean); /* Appendix 3 */ use HSS_ISQ_Replication, clear; /* Model 1 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year gdppercapita) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Model 2 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init existential, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year gdppercapita) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Model 3: Replicates Model 4 in Table 3 in paper */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init existential worldwars, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year y2 gdppercapita g2) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Model 4 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars existential, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year gdppercapita) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; /* Model 5 */ gnbreg finalcas finalconscr polity init democinit conscriptdemoc conscriptinit conscriptdemocinit worldwars existential, lna(terr strat prwararm milex spendtroop year y2 gdppercapita g2) exposure (duration) cluster (hsswarnumber) nolog; log close;